Everything about Haplogroup O2b Y-dna totally explained
Haplogroup O2b (SRY465, a.k.a. M176) is a
human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It is a descendant haplogroup of
Haplogroup O2. Haplogroup O2b is found mainly in the northeastern parts of
East Asia, from the
Daur people of
Inner Mongolia to the
Japanese of
Japan; however, haplogroup O2b has also been found at significant frequency among some populations of
Southeast Asia, including those of
Indonesia,
Thailand, and
Vietnam. This haplogroup is found with its highest frequency and diversity values among modern populations of Japan and
Korea and is absent from most populations in China.
Subgroups
The phylogeography of Haplogroup O2b suggests a very ancient origin in
Manchuria, followed by a long period of isolated evolution and population increase within the Korean Peninsula. Only the most ancient branches of this haplogroup, which are labeled as Haplogroup O2b*, have been detected among the indigenous populations of Inner Mongolia and Manchuria, and even then they're found only at very low frequencies. Haplogroup O2b* Y-chromosomes have been detected at a similarly low frequency among the
Koreans, but Korean males display a very high frequency of a derived subclade, Haplogroup O2b1* (P49). In fact, Haplogroup O2b1* comes close to being the modal Y-chromosome haplogroup in Korea, occurring in approximately 30% of all Korean males.
A
subclade of Haplogroup O2b1, namely Haplogroup O2b1a (47z), is found at a fairly high frequency among the
Yamato people and
Ryukyuan populations of Japan. Haplogroup O2b1a has been detected in approximately 22% of all males who speak a
Japonic language, while it hasn't been found at all among the
Ainu or
Nivkhs of the northern extremes of the
Japanese Archipelago. Based on the STR haplotype diversity within Haplogroup O2b1a, it has been estimated that this haplogroup began to experience a population expansion among the proto-Japanese of approximately 4,000 years ago, which makes it a good candidate for a marker of the intrusion of a
Neolithic population of the prehistoric Korean Peninsula into the southwestern parts of the Japanese Archipelago. However, the parent haplogroup, O2b1*, is also found among Japanese, although at a relatively low frequency of approximately 4% to 7%, and the descendant haplogroup O2b1a is either completely absent from or found at only extremely low frequency (which could represent historical Japanese admixture) among samples of modern Koreans, which suggests the possibility that Haplogroup O2b1* might have colonized the Japanese Archipelago much earlier, with the subgroup O2b1a subsequently evolving within the proto-Japanese-Ryukyuan population of the western parts of the archipelago.
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